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The UK government has been strongly advised that it should not further restrict student immigration by abolishing its graduate visa programme, piling pressure on Rishi Sunak as he tries to curtail legal migration to Britain.
Cutting overseas student numbers would cause universities “substantial financial difficulty” and could lead some to “fail”, a report from the independent Migration Advisory Committee warned on Tuesday.
The committee’s recommendation followed an emergency review of the “graduate visa route” policy commissioned by home secretary James Cleverly in response to fears it was being used as a backdoor for immigration.
The MAC report found “no evidence” of any deliberate and widespread abuse of the graduate route, which allows overseas students to spend two years working in the UK after graduation.
“The graduate route has broadly achieved, and continues to achieve, the objectives set by this government. We therefore recommend that the route remains in place in its current form,” it said.
The government is expected to make a decision on whether to limit access to the scheme in the coming weeks.
Sunak’s spokesperson confirmed the government would consider the review’s findings, but insisted ministers were not formally obliged to accept the MAC’s recommendations.
“British students should be the priority for our education system and universities and student visas must be used for education, not immigration,” they said.
The MAC report came as Sunak faces calls from the right flank of his party to take a tougher line on legal migration, which reached a record net high of 745,000 in 2022 and remained high last year.
Polls invariably suggest migration is one of the top three issues concerning voters ahead of the general election, expected later this year. Sunak’s Conservatives are trailing Labour heavily in polling.
Senior Tories have been divided over whether to restrict the route. Chancellor Jeremy Hunt and education secretary Gillian Keegan have privately lobbied to retain the scheme in light of the severe financial strain many universities are under, according to people familiar with the matter.
But former migration minister Robert Jenrick and former health minister Neil O’Brien, who released a scathing report attacking the Tory government’s legacy on migration last week, criticised the MAC’s findings.
Both former ministers argued on social media platform X that the report was guided by misleading parameters set by the government.
This included not asking the MAC to review the government’s goal of attracting 600,000 foreign students per year and asking it to assess the extent of abuse in the visa system, rather than the social and economic impact of this type of migration. Jenrick and O’Brien reiterated calls for the graduate route to be scrapped immediately.
The MAC warned that putting further restrictions on the route — on top of a recent ban on international postgraduate students bringing family members to the UK — would lead to job losses, course closures and cuts to research, as well as the risk “that some institutions would fail”.
Any policy change intended to reduce student numbers would also need to explain “how the financial consequences for the sector would be addressed”, the committee stressed.
The MAC’s finding will come as a relief to industry and the higher education sector, which has lobbied hard to avoid losing the scheme.
Although it found no deliberate abuse of the system, the MAC did raise concerns about the use of recruitment agents by universities and suggested the government consider introducing “mandatory requirements” on recruiters in order to ensure good practice.
Cleverly commissioned the MAC’s review after applications to lower-ranked universities more than doubled between 2018 and 2020.
The MAC found that government policies to reduce migration introduced this year, including restrictions on postgraduate dependant visas, were already having a negative impact on international recruitment.
Industry figures cited in the report indicated the number of international students paying a deposit to study in the UK had fallen by 57 per cent in May compared with a year earlier.
Additional reporting by Jim Pickard
