The Vatican did not rule that the accounts that children and teenagers saw Mary in the village of Međugorje in 1981 were authentic, but it said that the spiritual experience of visiting the shrine justified pilgrimages there.
The Vatican has given the green light for Catholics to continue flocking to a southern Bosnian village where children reported seeing visions of the Virgin Mary, offering its approval for devotion in one of the most contested aspects of Roman Catholic practice in recent years.
In a detailed analysis after nearly 15 years of study, the Vatican’s doctrine office didn’t declare that the reported apparitions in Međugorje were authentic or of supernatural origin.
It flagged concerns about contradictions in some of the “messages” the alleged visionaries say they have received over the years.
But in line with new Vatican criteria in place this year, the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith ruled that the “spiritual fruits” stemming from the Međugorje experience more than justified allowing the faithful to organise pilgrimages there and permitting public acts of devotion.
The decision essentially overrules the original doubts about the alleged apparitions at Međugorje by the region’s past diocesan bishops, and it ignores current concerns about the economic interests that have turned Međugorje into a thriving destination for religious tourists.
But with Pope Francis’ approval, the doctrine office decided that “the abundant and widespread fruits, which are so beautiful and positive,” justified its decision.
It said doing so “highlights that the Holy Spirit is acting fruitfully for the good of the faithful in the midst of this spiritual phenomenon”.
‘Mary is our mother, not a telegram operator’
In 1981, six children and teenagers reported seeing visions of the Madonna on a hill in Međugorje, located in the wine-making region of Herzegovina.
Some of those original “seers” have claimed the visions have occurred regularly since then, even daily, and that Mary sends them messages.
As a result, Međugorje has become a major European pilgrimage destination for Christian believers, attracting millions of people over the years. Last year alone, 1.7 million Eucharistic wafers were distributed during Masses there, according to statistics published on the shrine’s website, a rough estimate of the number of Catholics who visited.
However, unlike at the more well-known and established Catholic sanctuaries in Fatima or Lourdes, the alleged apparitions at Međugorje have never been declared authentic by the Vatican.
And over the years, local bishops and Vatican officials have cast doubt on the reliability and motivations of the “seers”, because of concerns that economic interests may have been driving their reports of continued visions.
Even Francis in 2017 expressed doubts about their messages, saying “I prefer Our Lady to be a mother, our mother, and not a telegraph operator who sends out a message every day at a certain time,” he told an air-borne press conference.
Spiritual and financial riches
Religious tourism has become an important part of the local economy, with an entire industry catering to pilgrims: hotels, private accommodations, family-run farm businesses, even sports complexes and camping sites.
Their growth has contributed to the surrounding municipality’s financial well-being after the Bosnian war in the 1990s devastated the economy.
In its assessment, the Vatican doctrine office recalled that in May of this year, it announced it was no longer in the business of authenticating alleged apparitions and other supposedly supernatural phenomena that have attracted Catholics for centuries, including statues that allegedly weep blood or stigmata that are said to erupt spontaneously on hands or feet.
The new criteria envisage six main outcomes, with the most favourable being that the church issues a noncommittal doctrinal green light, a so-called “nihil obstat”, which means there is nothing about the event that is contrary to the faith, and therefore Catholics can express devotion to it.
With Francis’ approval, the Vatican on Thursday gave that “nihil obstat” to Međugorje.
In its analysis, the Vatican listed what it called the many spiritual benefits that have been associated with pilgrimages to the site, including people deciding that they want to become priests or nuns, couples reconciling after troubles in marriage, healings after prayer and new works of charity caring for orphans and drug addicts.
It listed no example of any negative experiences associated with Međugorje, or reference to concerns raised by previous diocesan bishops of Mostar who had declared the apparitions were false.
Nor did it mention that the priest most closely associated with Međugorje and the six “visionaries” was defrocked by the Vatican in 2009 for, among other things, spreading false doctrine.
The Vatican did seem to want to distance the place from the people behind the alleged apparitions, stressing that these benefits haven’t occurred as a result of meetings with the alleged visionaries but rather “in the context of pilgrimages to the places associated with the original events”.
In its 17-page document, it used nearly four pages to list concerns about problems in some of the thousands of individual messages the alleged visionaries have received, including cases where the message contradicted aspects of Catholic doctrine.
The decision will surely impact Međugorje, which lies in the municipality of Čitluk, one of the smallest in Bosnia with some 18,000 residents but economically well-off.
The municipality has declared that tourism is key for its development, largely thanks to Međugorje, and hosts various festivals and gatherings each year put on by Christian humanitarian organisations drawn to the place.
Municipal workers say 2024 could be a record year, because Christian pilgrims are tending to stay away from Israel because of the war in the Middle East, and are opting for Međugorje instead.
“Međugorje means a lot, all economic sectors lean on Međugorje,” said Ante Kozina, the tourism association chief. “It is a growth generator for the entire municipality.”
